Antenna anti-jamming technology refers to a series of techniques designed to suppress or eliminate the impact of external electromagnetic interference (EMI) on antenna signal transmission and reception, ensuring the stability and reliability of communication systems. The core principles include frequency-domain processing (e.g., frequency hopping, spread spectrum), spatial processing (e.g., beamforming), and circuit design optimization (e.g., impedance matching). Below is a detailed classification and application of these technologies.
I. Antenna Anti-Jamming Technologies
1. Frequency-Domain Anti-Jamming Techniques
Frequency Hopping (FHSS): Rapidly switches operating frequencies (e.g., thousands of times per second) to avoid interference bands, commonly used in military communications and GPS systems.
Spread Spectrum (DSSS/FHSS): Expands signal bandwidth using pseudo-random codes, reducing power spectral density and improving interference tolerance.
2. Spatial Anti-Jamming Techniques
Smart Antennas (Adaptive Beamforming): Forms nulls in interference directions while enhancing desired signal reception45. For example, anti-jamming GPS antennas improve positioning stability through multi-frequency reception and beamforming.
Polarization Filtering: Suppresses interference by exploiting polarization differences, widely used in radar and satellite communications.
3.Circuit-Level Anti-Jamming Techniques
Low-Impedance Design: Utilizes near-zero-ohm impedance to create ultra-narrow channels, filtering out external wireless interference.
Anti-Jamming Components (e.g., Radisol): Suppresses coupling interference between closely spaced antennas, improving radiation efficiency.
II. Applications of Passive Microwave Components
Passive microwave components (operating in the 4–86 GHz range) play a critical role in antenna anti-jamming systems, including:
Isolators & Circulators
Isolators prevent RF energy reflection, protecting transmitters; circulators enable signal directionality, commonly used in transceiver-shared antenna systems.
Filtering Components
Bandpass/bandstop filters remove out-of-band interference, such as smart filtering in anti-jamming GPS antennas3.
III. Typical Application Scenarios
Military Applications: Missile-borne radars combine frequency hopping, polarization processing, and MIMO techniques to counter complex jamming.
Civilian Communications: Microwave/millimeter-wave passive components enable high-dynamic-range signal transmission in 5G/6G systems.
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Post time: Jul-29-2025